By WWII, scientists had already begun looking at alternative gelling substances for routine use in bacteriology, but concluded that agar was still better as it is both firmer and easier to handle. Today, some specialized microbiology applications use the colloid carrageenan (extracted from red seaweed Chondrus crispus, or “Irish Moss”), a more transparent and less auto-fluorescent alternative to agar (agar emits its own background fluorescence when excited by light). However, for routine bacteriological use, carrageenan is more difficult to dissolve, requires higher concentrations, can degrade at high temperatures, and forms weaker gels, which may result in puncturing its surface during the plating of cells.
根據聯合國難民事務高級專員公署（UNHCR）公佈的初步數據顯示，2025年約有17.8萬名中國人在海外申請庇護。2024年則有約18萬人，當中有約14.7萬人選擇美國為其申請庇護的國家，佔整體總數約82.5%。
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The UK government is under a legal obligation to reduce carbon emissions to net zero by 2050, after a law change passed in 2019 with cross-party support.